- Anxiety Disorders
- A group of conditions where the primary symptoms are anxiety or defense against anxiety.
- The patient fears something awful will happen to them.
- They are in a state of intense apprehension, uneasiness, uncertainty, or fear.
- Phobia
- A person experiences sudden episodes of intense dread.
- Must be an irrational fear.
- Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
- An anxiety disorder in which a person is continuously tense, apprehensive and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal.
- Patient is constantly tense and worried, feels inadequate, is oversensitive, can't concentrate and suffers from insomnia.
- Panic Disorder
- An anxiety disorder marked by a minute-long episode of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, and other frightening sensations.
- Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder
- Persistent unwanted thoughts (obsessions) cause someone to feel the need (compulsion) to engage in a particular action.
- Obsession about dirt and germs may lead to compulsive hand washing.
- Post- Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
- Flashbacks or nightmare's following a person's involvement in or observation of an extremely stressful event.
- Memories of the event cause anxiety
2. Somatoform Disorders- occurs when a person manifests a psychological problem through a physiological symptom.
- Hypochondrias- frequent physical complaints for which medical doctors are unable to locate the cause.
- They usually believe that the minor issues (headaches, upset stomach) are indicative are more severe illnesses.
- Conversion Disorder- Report the existence of severe physical problems with no biological reason.
- Like blindness or paralysis.
3. Dissociative Disorder- these disorders involve a disruption in the conscious process.
- Psychogenic Amnesia- A person cannot remember things with no physiological basis for the disruption in the memory.
- Retrograde Amnesia (temporary)
- NOT organic amnesia (head injury, substance abuse)
- Dissociative Fugue- People with psychogenic amnesia find themselves in an unfamiliar environment.
- Dissociative Identity Disorder
- Used to be known as Multiple Personality Disorder.
- A person has several rather than one integrated personality.
- People with DID commonly have a history of childhood abuse of trauma.
4. Mood Disorders- Experience extreme or inappropriate emotions.
- Major Depression
- AKA unipolar depression.
- Unhappy for at least two weeks with no apparent cause
- Depression is the common cold of psychological disorders.
- Seasonal Affective Disorder
- Experience depression during the winter months.
- Based not on temperature, but on amount of sunlight.
- Treated with light therapy.
- Bipolar Disorder
- Formally manic depression.
- Involves period of depression and manic episodes.
- Manic episodes involve feelings of high energy. (But they tend to drifter a lot... some get confident.)
- Personality Disorders
- Well-established, maladaptive ways of behaving that negatively affect people's ability to function.
- Dominates their personality.
- Antisocial Personality Disorder
- Lack of empathy
- Little regard for other's feelings
- View the world as hostile and look out for themselves.
- Dependent Personality Disorder
- Rely too much on the attention and help of others.
- Historic Personality Disorder
- Needs to be the center of attention.
- Whether acting silly or dressing provocatively.
- Narcissistic Personality Disorder
- Having an unwarranted sense of self- importance.
- Thinking that you are the center of the Universe.
5. Schizophrenic Disorders- About 1 in every 100 person are diagnosed with schizophrenia.
- Symptoms of Schizophrenia:
- Disorganized thinking
- Disturbed Perceptions
- Inappropriate emotions and actions
- Disorganized thinking- The thinking of a person with schizophrenia is fragmented and bizarre and distorted with false beliefs.
- Disorganized thinking comes from a breakdown in selective attention- they cannot filter our information.
- Delusions (false beliefs)
- Delusions of Persecution- thinking someone is always following you.
- Delusions of Grandeur- thinking you are somebody else.
- Disturbed Perceptions
- Hallucinations- Sensory experiences without sensory simulations.
- Inappropriate Emotions and Actions
- Laugh at inappropriate times, flat effect, senseless, compulsive acts, catalonia- montionless.
- Positive v. Negative Symptoms
- Positive- Hallucinations, disorganized, diluted in their talks (word salad), inappropriate laughter, tears or rage. ( Presenting inappropriate symptoms)
- Negative- Toneless voice, expressionless face, mute, very rigid body. (Absence of appropriate ones)
- Types of Schizophrenia
- Disorganized Schizophrenia- Disorganized speech or behavior, or than of inappropriate emotion.
- Clang associations
- "imagine the worst systematic, sympathetic, quiet."
- Paranoid Schizophrenia
- Flat effect
- Waxy Flexibility
- Parrot like repeating on another's speech and movement.
- Undifferentiated Schizophrenia
- Many and varied symptoms
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