02/27/14 Motivation and Emotion

• Motivation- A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior. 
• Instinct theory- We are motivated by our inborn automated behaviors.
• But instincts only explain why we do a small fraction of our behaviors.
• Drive Reduction Theory- The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need.
• The need is usually to maintain homeostasis.
• We are not only pushed by our needs but pulled by our incentives: a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior.
• Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
1. Physiological Needs
• Need to satisfy hunger and thirst.
2. Safety Needs
• Need to feel that the world is organized and predictable; need to feel safe, secure, and stable.
3. Belongingness and Love Needs
• Need to love and be loved, to belong and be accepted.

• Hunger- Hunger is both physiological and psychological
• Physiology of Hunger
• Washburn's studies showed hunger was partially physical.
• Biological Basis of Hunger
• Hunger does not come from our stomach. 
• It comes from our brain- the hypothalamus.
• Hypothalamus
• Lateral Hypothalamus
• When stimulated it makes you hungry.
• When destroyed you will never be hungry again.
• Ventromedial Hypothalamus
• When stimulated you will feel full.
• When destroyed you will never feel full again.